Tax policy remains a hot-button issue on Capital Hill and with American citizens throughout the country. Some favor tax breaks for the rich; others prefer a more fair system. Lobbyists fight for corporations to remain under protective tax umbrellas, and the country’s current president-elect hasn’t paid his taxes in who knows how long. In order to understand this entire hullabaloo, it helps to understand the different systems that remain in the forefront of the arguments.
Progressive Taxation
Progressive taxation bases a person’s percentage upon his or her income. This percentage progresses to a higher rate the more an individual makes. Many consider this the fairest way to assess income tax, as the poor pay less and the rich pay more. An example is provided in Northeastern’s online MST degree program, and it is as follows: $10,000 annual income is taxed at 10 percent, $50,000 annual income is taxed at 20 percent, and $100,000 annual income is taxed at 30 percent. As you can see, the tax percentage progresses the higher the income.
Proportional Taxation
This proposed tax structure would require everyone to pay the same proportion of tax. If all income levels were required to pay 20 percent, the poor would pay less and the rich would pay more. For example, an annual income of $10,000 would fetch a tax bill of $2,000, and an annual income of $100,000 would warrant a $20,000 payment to the IRS. This might seem fairer than the progressive tax structure, but proponents argue that people who earn less use more of their total income to meet their daily needs than people who earn more.
Regressive Taxation
It might seem hard to believe that anyone would argue the fairness of regressive taxation but some do. Regressive tax is, for the most part, the opposite of progressive tax. In this case, the poor are taxed at a higher rate than the rich are. Supporters argue that a regressive program works when it’s applied to all tax, as the wealthy spend more, so they’ll pay their fair share through sales tax on their expenses. However, it’s hard to justify a system that would tax 20 percent on $10,000 and 2 percent on $100,000, no matter how lavish a lifestyle the wealthy live.
How an Accountant Plays a Role in This
If you are researching job opportunities for masters of accounting graduates, you are likely interested in how an accountant plays a role in all of this tax nonsense. Accountants are no longer required to bookkeep by hand. Most of their tracking and reporting is done quickly via accounting software. As such, today’s CPA acts more as a consultant than a bookkeeper, and advising on tax policies is one of their responsibilities, including working with businesses and lobbyists.
For some, this can be an exciting addition to the role of an accountant. You are in the trenches fighting for the tax structure that you believe is best. Others prefer to absorb the law changes each January and work like crazy through April. The job itself will always be in demand, especially if taxes remain the hot-button issue they have been since their inception.
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